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UPDATE: CCR a amânat pentru a cincea oară o decizie pe Codurile Penale. Un nou termen, pe 10 iulie

By Andreea Traicu , in Fara categorie Justitie Stirile zilei , at 4 iulie 2019 Etichete: , , ,

UPDATE: CCR a amânat pentru a cincea oară o decizie pe modificările aduse Codului de procedură penală și ale Codului penal. Judecătorii constituționali au dat un nou termen pe 10 iulie. 

STIREA INIȚIALĂ:

Curtea Constituţională va dezbate astăzi sesizările formulate de opoziție, dar şi de preşedintele Klaus Iohannis, privind modificările aduse de Parlament Codului penal şi Codului de procedură penală. Judecătorii CCR au amânat de patru ori pronunțarea pe modificările aduse în Parlament Codului penal dar și celui de procedură penală.

Pe 24 aprilie, Camera Deputaţilor a adoptat proiectele pentru modificarea Codului penal şi a celui de procedură penală. Asta după ce, timp de aproape un an, Tudorel Toader a amânat adoptarea unei Ordonanțe de Urgență, cerută insistent de coaliția PSD – ALDE. Nemulțumiți că ministrul justiției nu se ține de cuvânt, deputații puterii au adoptat codurile în Parlament. Amânarea unei  OUG pentru modificarea codurilor penale a dus la demisia lui Tudorel Toader.

USR și PNL au depus două sesizări de neconstituţionalitate, susţinând că, prin aceste proiecte de lege, se aduc peste 300 de modificări „nocive” Codului penal şi Codului de procedură penală. USR consideră că toate aceste modificări vin în contradicţie nu doar cu statul de drept, ”şubrezind politica penală a României” şi favorizând infractorii, ci şi cu Legea fundamentală.

Ce modificări susține opoziția că vor ajuta infractorii:

  • Reducerea termenelor de prescripție: de la 10 ani la 8 ani (când legea prevede pentru infracţiunea săvârşită pedeapsa închisorii mai mare de 10 ani, dar care nu depăşeşte 20 de ani);  de la 8 ani la 6 ani (când legea prevede pentru infracţiunea săvârşită pedeapsa închisorii mai mare de 5 ani, dar care nu depăşeşte 10 ani).
  • De asemenea, a fost dezincriminată total infracțiunea de infracțiunea de neglijență în serviciu prin abrogarea art. 298.
  • Au fost înjumătățite pedepsele pentru infracțiunile de delapidare (art. 295) și abuz în serviciu (art. 297), dacă autorii faptelor achită prejudiciul până la rămânerea definitivă a sentinței.
  • A fost abrogat articolul care se referă la abuzul în serviciu: art. 13 indice 2 din legea 78/2000 privind combaterea și prevenirea faptelor de corupție: ”În cazul infracțiunilor de abuz în serviciu sau de uzurpare a funcției, dacă funcționarul public a obținut pentru sine ori pentru altul un folos necuvenit, limitele speciale ale pedepsei se majorează cu o treime”.
  • A fost menținută interdicția comunicărilor publice și a declarațiilor, precum și furnizarea de informații, direct sau indirect, despre o persoană urmărită penal sau trimisă în judecată (art. 4).
  • Mandatele pe siguranță națională nu mai pot fi utilizate în dosarele obisnuite.

Sesizările opoziției se referă la Legea pentru modificarea şi completarea Legii 286/2009 privind Codul penal, precum şi a Legii 78/2000 pentru prevenirea şi sancţionarea faptelor de corupţie, dar şi la Legea pentru modificarea şi completarea Legii 135/2010 privind Codul de procedură penală, precum şi pentru modificarea Legii 304/2004 privind organizarea judiciară.

Sesizarea președintelui Klaus Iohannis

Președintele mentionează în sesizare că legea privind modificarea Codului penal a mai fost supusă o dată controlului de constituţionalitate. CCR a constat  neconstituţionalitatea unora dintre prevederi,  însă, în procedura reexaminării, Parlamentul a adoptat aceste prevederi, cu depăşirea limitelor fixate de Curtea Constituţională. De asemenea, președintele susține că prin adoptarea modificarilor legilor penale în Camera Deputaților se încalcă principiul bicameralismului.

„Însă, în procedura reexaminării legii – deschisă potrivit art. 147 alin. (2) din Constituţie – Parlamentul a adoptat legea criticată cu încălcarea art. 147 alin. (2) din Constituţie. Astfel, cu ocazia punerii în acord a unora dintre dispoziţiile legii, declarate neconstituţionale, cu Decizia nr. 633/2018, Parlamentul, pe de o parte şi-a ignorat obligaţia constituţională de a pune în acord textele din legea criticată cu decizii anterioare ale Curţii Constituţionale, aspect ce contravine dispoziţiilor art. 147 alin. (2) coroborate cu cele ale art. 147 alin. (1) şi alin. (4) din Constituţie, iar pe de altă parte, în procedura punerii de acord nu a realizat corelările necesare, adoptând reglementări ce contravin principiului legalităţii, fiind astfel încălcate prevederile art. 147 alin. (2) prin raportare la art. 1 alin. (5) din Constituţie”, precizează Iohannis în sesizare.

„Totodată, în procedura de punere în acord a legii, legiuitorul a încălcat şi principiul bicameralismului consacrat de art. 61 alin. (2) şi art. 75 din Constituţie, precum şi depăşirea limitelor fixate prin Decizia nr. 633/2018”, completează preşedintele României.

Președintele contestă și  modificările aduse articolului 297 din Codul penal referitor la infracţiunea de abuz în serviciu.

„Faţă de cele de mai sus, având în vedere – pe de o parte raportul de complementaritate fixat de Curtea Constituţională între art. 132 din Legea nr. 78/2000 şi art. 297 din Codul penal referitor la infracţiunea de abuz în serviciu (pct. 213 din Decizia nr. 650/2018), iar – pe de altă parte necesitatea asigurării unei protecţii sporite a valorilor sociale şi necesitatea existenţei unor pârghii legale de natură a descuraja încălcarea unor asemenea valori [ansamblul considerentelor de la par. 621-626 ale Deciziei nr. 650/2018 enumerate la pct. I.3.lit. a) din prezenta sesizare], soluţia abrogării art. 132 din Legea nr. 78/2000 contravine art. 147 alin. (2) prin raportare la alin. (1) şi (4) ale aceluiaşi articol din Constituţie”, arată textul sesizării.

De asemenea, şeful statului menţionează că abrogarea unui articol din Legea 78/2000 pentru prevenirea, descoperirea şi sancţionarea faptelor de corupţie a eliminat din actul normativ orice prevedere care are legătură şi efect asupra articolului 297 din Codul penal. Iohannis spune că o astfel de abrogare este nejustificată.

„În plus, dacă din raţiuni de corelare legislativă, în măsura în care se aducea vreo modificare art. 297 din Codul penal, aflat în legătură directă cu o normă de incriminare dintr-o altă lege cu dispoziţii penale – art. 132 din Legea nr. 78/2000 – s-ar fi putut găsi vreo justificare pentru soluţia abrogării art. 132 din Legea nr. 78/2000, în condiţiile eliminării oricărei intervenţii asupra art. 297 Cod penal, soluţia abrogării nu numai că nu îşi mai găseşte vreo justificare, însă lipseşte statul de o pârghie legală importantă care să descurajeze încălcarea îndatoririlor de serviciu atunci când funcţionarul public a obţinut pentru sine ori pentru altul un folos necuvenit, ceea ce, prin amploarea sa, poate reprezenta chiar o ameninţare la adresa statului de drept”, arată preşedintele.

În sesizarea depusă, președintele României mai susține că Parlamentul a eliminat articole din Codul de procedură penală, însă fără a introduce normele la care făcuse referire CCR, în decizia de neconstituţionalitate.

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